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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-222103

ABSTRACT

This communication visits the concept of therapeutic patient education (TPE), and explores its relevance to transgender health care. It suggests a novel term, therapeutic education (TE), and defines it as “educational activities essential to the optimization of health, offered by health care providers duly trained in the field of education, designed to help a transgender individual (or a group of individuals and their families) to manage their treatment and prevent avoidable complications, while maintaining or improving their quality of life. It describes the soft and hard skills required for TE, and suggests a classification that can help in structuring TE programs.

2.
Psicol. pesq ; 15(2): 1-18, abr.-jun. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1287690

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o desenvolvimento de um website para ser utilizado como ferramenta de ensino e orientação de pais e cuidadores de crianças com dermatite atópica (DA). O estudo foi conduzido em três etapas: a) Levantamento de informações sobre DA; b) Elaboração de roteiros para o website e; c) Desenvolvimento do website. O website foi elaborado com ilustrações, gifs, textos curtos sobre a DA e orientações sobre como instruir as crianças nas situações de tratamento de modo interativo e acessível. Espera-se auxiliar cuidadores na melhora do manejo comportamental de crianças com DA na adesão ao tratamento.


This article aims to present the development of a website to be used as a learning and guidance tool for parents and caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (AD). The study was conducted in three phases: a) collection of data related to AD; b) preparation of scripts for the website and; c) development of the website. The website was developed with pictures, animated gifs, brief texts about AD and guidance on how to instruct children during treatment situations in an accessible and interactive way. We aim to help caregivers in the improvement of behavioral management of children with AD on adherence to medical treatment.


Este artículo objetivo presentar la construcción de un sitio web como herramienta de aprendizaje y orientación de padres y/o cuidadores de niños con dermatitis atópica (DA). El estudio fue organizado en tres etapas: a) levantamiento de informaciones acerca de la DA, b) elaboración del guión para el sitio web y c) construcción del sitio web. El sitio web fue desarrollado con ilustraciones, animaciones en formato gif, textos breves sobre la DA y orientaciones sobre cómo instruir a los niños en las situaciones de tratamiento, en un formato interactivo y accesible. Se espera auxiliar cuidadores en la mejora del manejo conductual de niños con DA en la adhesión al tratamiento.

3.
Saúde Soc ; 29(1): e190299, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059003

ABSTRACT

Resumo Apresentamos a contribuição da psicologia social da saúde por meio da abordagem sociorrepresentacional para refletir acerca da educação terapêutica do(a) adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. O adoecimento crônico na adolescência coloca desafios específicos para o cuidado, o olhar psicossocial permite compreender a prática de avaliação e o fortalecimento das habilidades do paciente contextualizando a educação terapêutica enquanto conjunto de relações sociossimbólicas entre os atores da situação. Essa abordagem pode servir como uma ferramenta teórico-metodológica e prática para alcançar um diagnóstico psicossocial e um planejamento de intervenção. Um programa de três pesquisas realizadas na França com adolescentes diabéticos, suas famílias e profissionais ilustra questões e desafios contemporâneos no campo da educação terapêutica, centrando sua análise nos significados que os atores mobilizam para, assim, determinar estratégias de intervenção adaptadas às tensões psicossociais que possam surgir no cuidado. Ressaltamos a importância das dinâmicas socioidentitária e ideológica advindas do contexto social e cultural de referência dos atores engajados na educação terapêutica.


Abstract We introduce the contribution of social psychology of health to the reflection on the therapeutic education of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus via a socio-representational approach. Chronic illnesses during adolescence pose specific challenges for health care, and the psychosocial perspective allows one to understand the practice of evaluating and consolidating patient's abilities, contextualizing therapeutic education as a set of socio-symbolic relations between the social actors involved in such scenario. This approach can be used both as a theoreticalmethodological and practical instrument to achieve a psychosocial diagnosis and intervention planning. A program of three studies conducted in France with diabetic adolescents, their families and professionals, illustrates contemporary issues and challenges in the field of therapeutic education. This study is focused on the meanings mobilized by the social actors to determine intervention strategies adapted to the psychosocial tensions that may arise in health care. We emphasize the importance of the socio-identity and ideological dynamics arising from the social and cultural context of the social actors engaged in therapeutic education.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Professional-Patient Relations , Psychology, Social , Therapeutics , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus
4.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 9(1): e202, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1095048

ABSTRACT

La diabetes mellitus (DM) se considera como un conjunto de trastornos metabólicos relacionados con la hiperglucemia, que requiere cambios en estilos de vida, en virtud de que no solo se afecta el estado físico, sino que requiere cambios que pueden influir en el estado emocional y psicosocial. Las personas con diabetes requieren de cuidados continuos orientados al control metabólico centrados en el empoderamiento, autocuidado y en la educación terapéutica para alcanzar metas y resultados orientados a minimizar la aparición de las complicaciones crónicas. Objetivo: analizar la importancia de la educación terapéutica en los pacientes con trastornos afectivos como depresión y ansiedad, asociados a la diabetes. Conclusión: la educación terapéutica como parte integral del tratamiento de la DM ha demostrado mejorar los síntomas asociados a depresión y ansiedad, lo cual podría adquirir un valor importante en el manejo de este grupo de pacientes(AU)


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a set of metabolic disorders related to hyperglycemia, which requires changes in lifestyle, because not only physical condition is affected, but it also requires changes that can influence emotional state and psychosocial. People with diabetes require continuous care oriented to metabolic control focused on empowerment, self-care and therapeutic education to achieve goals and results aimed at minimizing the occurrence of chronic complications. Objective: to analyze the importance of therapeutic education in patients with affective disorders such as depression and anxiety, associated with diabetes. Conclusion: therapeutic education as an integral part of the treatment of DM has been shown to improve symptoms associated with depression and anxiety, which could acquire an important value in the management of this group of patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabulimia/pathology , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Anxiety , Therapeutics , Affective Symptoms , Depression
5.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 29(3): 1-10, set.-dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978399

ABSTRACT

La educación terapéutica constituye uno de los aspectos fundamentales del tratamiento de las personas con diabetes mellitus. En el caso del adulto mayor con la enfermedad, esta actividad tiene sus peculiaridades. Se recomienda, en un primer momento, realizar una evaluación integral del paciente, con el propósito de identificar algún problema físico, mental o social, que pueda interferir en el proceso educativo-terapéutico. Después, debe adaptarse la educación al sujeto, teniendo en cuenta el precepto de que esta no consiste en una educación para el tratamiento, sino en la educación como tratamiento. Esto demanda capacitación de parte de los profesionales de la salud encargados de afrontar esta tarea, en lo cual debe jugar un papel fundamental en Cuba el médico de la familia. El objetivo cimero de la educación terapéutica consiste en fomentar el autocuidado y garantizar la adherencia terapéutica sin que se deteriore la calidad de vida, a la vez que se enseña al paciente a vivir con la condición crónica(AU)


Therapeutic education is one of the fundamental aspects in the treatment of people with diabetes mellitus. In the case of the elderly with this disease, this activity has peculiarities. At first, a comprehensive evaluation of the patient is recommended to identify physical, mental or social problem that may interfere with the educational-therapeutic process. Then, education must be adapted to the subject, taking into account the precept that it is not education for treatment, but education as treatment. This demands training the health professionals in charge of this task, in which the family doctor must play a fundamental role in Cuba. The main goal of therapeutic education is to promote self-care and ensure therapeutic adherence without deteriorating the quality of life, while teaching the patient to live with the chronic condition(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self-Assessment , Health Education/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Latin America
6.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 34(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093455

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las medidas tomadas para el control integral de la obesidad han sido objeto de debate, y ante tal situación se recomienda un tratamiento que incluya varias orientaciones que pueden ser aplicadas por el médico y la enfermera de la familia, en colaboración con otros especialistas. Objetivo: Describir las recomendaciones de mayor interés en el tratamiento médico de la obesidad exógena, haciendo hincapié en las medidas que pueden tomar el médico y la enfermera de la familia para la implementación exitosa del mismo. Métodos: Se utilizó como buscador de información científica a Google Académico, utilizando como palabras claves: obesidad, tratamiento, prevención, dietoterapia, ejercicio físico, educación terapéutica. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión y de investigación, provenientes de diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane y SciElo) y páginas Web, en idioma español, portugués e inglés. Se tuvo en cuenta la calidad, según la importancia de los autores de dichos artículos, así como tipo e impacto de los mismos y la actualidad de las citas que en general, tenían menos de 10 años de publicados. Esto permitió el estudio de 150 artículos, de los cuales 107 fueron referenciados. Conclusiones: Realizar un enfoque multidisciplinario y cumplir con las recomendaciones básicas para el tratamiento de la obesidad exógena es fundamental en el control del peso corporal. El cumplimiento de estas recomendaciones por parte del médico y la enfermera de la familia deben facilitar el control del peso corporal en el nivel primario de atención(AU)


Introduction: The measures taken for the comprehensive control of obesity have been subject of debate, and in such a situation treatment is recommended including several guidelines that can be useful by the family doctor and the nurse, in collaboration with other specialists. Objective: To describe the recommendations of highest interest in the medical treatment of exogenous obesity, emphasizing the measures that can be taken by the family doctor and nurse for successful implementation. Methods: Google Scholar was used as a scientific information search engine, using as keywords: obesity, treatment, prevention, diet therapy, physical exercise, therapeutic education. Review and research articles were evaluated, from different databases (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane and SciElo) and Web pages, in Spanish, Portuguese and English. Quality was taken into account, according to the importance of the authors of these articles, as well as their type and impact and relevance of citations that, in general, were published less than 10 years. This allowed the study of 150 articles, 107 of them were referenced. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach and basic recommendations for the treatment of exogenous obesity are fundamental in the control of body weight. The compliance of these recommendations by the family doctor and nurse should facilitate the control of body weight at the primary level of care(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Exercise , Diet Therapy/methods , Obesity/prevention & control , Obesity/therapy
7.
Estilos clín ; 22(3): 540-555, dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-891853

ABSTRACT

Este artigo é fruto de um semestre de estágio de uma aluna da graduação do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (IPUSP) em um grupo terapêutico heterogêneo do Lugar de Vida - Centro de Educação Terapêutica. Será realizada uma discussão acerca dos efeitos terapêuticos que o encontro entre crianças em diferentes posições subjetivas e discursivas pode proporcionar, a partir de cenas clínicas. Posteriormente, apresentamos uma análise mais detida dos efeitos do encontro com o semelhante no tratamento de uma criança autista, no que concerne à (não) ocorrência do terceiro tempo do circuito pulsional nessa posição subjetiva.


This work derives from a one-semester internship experience of a graduation student of IPUSP (Psychology Institute of University of São Paulo) in a heterogeneous therapeutic group from Lugar de Vida - Center for Therapeutic Education. In this work, there will be a discussion about the therapeutic effects provided by the encounter of five children in different subjective and discursive positions. Subsequently, a more detailed analysis of these encounters effects for the treatment of an autistic child will be presented regarding the (non) occurrence of the third time drive circuit in autism.


Este artículo deriva de un semestre de práctica de una estudiante de la graduación del IPUSP (Instituto de Psicología de la Universidad de São Paulo) en un grupo terapéutico heterogéneo del Lugar de Vida - Centro de Educación Terapéutica. Se realizará una discusión sobre los efectos terapéuticos que el encuentro entre niños en diferentes posiciones subjetivas y discursivas puede proporcionar, a partir de escenas clínicas. Posteriormente, se realizará un análisis más detenido de los efectos del encuentro con el semejante en el tratamiento de un niño autista, abordando lo que se refiere a la (no) ocurrencia del tercer tiempo del circuito pulsional en ese caso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Remedial Teaching , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Psychoanalysis
8.
Korean Journal of Dermatology ; : 329-336, 2017.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-136710

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic education is important for successful management of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To provide effective therapeutic education, clear common misunderstandings, and answer questions regarding AD among patients and caregivers. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted for patients and caregivers who visited the Department of Dermatology at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD. RESULTS: Among the 327 subjects who participated in the study, only 35.2% were aware of the natural course of AD, which usually improves with age. Many subjects (53.2%) misinterpret AD relapse as resistance to topical steroids. We found that 87.8% of subjects were under the impression that improvement in a patient's immunity can improve the symptoms of AD. Dietary restriction was considered an essential management strategy, and 59.0% of subjects agreed to delay the initiation of weaning foods. Most subjects did not have accurate information about cleansing methods, and 30.9% of subjects reported that they used only water without any cleanser. We noted that 47.5% of subjects obtained information regarding AD from medical doctors who they considered the most reliable sources (82.5%). Subjects preferred printed materials (41.3%) over seminars or video-clips to obtain educational information. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic education regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD using printed materials put together by physicians would be a valuable tool for the effective management of AD. Institutional support such as educational programs covered by the National Health Insurance Service is required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers , Dermatitis, Atopic , Dermatology , Education , Korea , National Health Programs , Recurrence , Seoul , Steroids , Water , Weaning
9.
Korean Journal of Dermatology ; : 329-336, 2017.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-136707

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic education is important for successful management of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To provide effective therapeutic education, clear common misunderstandings, and answer questions regarding AD among patients and caregivers. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted for patients and caregivers who visited the Department of Dermatology at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD. RESULTS: Among the 327 subjects who participated in the study, only 35.2% were aware of the natural course of AD, which usually improves with age. Many subjects (53.2%) misinterpret AD relapse as resistance to topical steroids. We found that 87.8% of subjects were under the impression that improvement in a patient's immunity can improve the symptoms of AD. Dietary restriction was considered an essential management strategy, and 59.0% of subjects agreed to delay the initiation of weaning foods. Most subjects did not have accurate information about cleansing methods, and 30.9% of subjects reported that they used only water without any cleanser. We noted that 47.5% of subjects obtained information regarding AD from medical doctors who they considered the most reliable sources (82.5%). Subjects preferred printed materials (41.3%) over seminars or video-clips to obtain educational information. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic education regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD using printed materials put together by physicians would be a valuable tool for the effective management of AD. Institutional support such as educational programs covered by the National Health Insurance Service is required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers , Dermatitis, Atopic , Dermatology , Education , Korea , National Health Programs , Recurrence , Seoul , Steroids , Water , Weaning
10.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 17(1): 0-0, ene.-jun. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-783746

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la educación diabetológica es la base del tratamiento para las personas con diabetes, la falta de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad favorece la aparición de complicaciones. Objetivos: identificar las principales causas que provocaron una primera amputación por pie diabético, describir el seguimiento ambulatorio de estos pacientes y explorar los conocimientos sobre su autocuidado. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en 110 pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Angiología por pie diabético sometidos a una primera amputación. Se analizaron variables demográficas y de salud, así como las características del seguimiento ambulatorio, los conocimientos de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad y las principales causas de la lesión desencadenante. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 61 años; y 15,4 años de evolución de la enfermedad. El 70,8 por ciento de los pacientes no tenían un seguimiento ambulatorio periódico, menos del 32 por ciento recibió cursos de educación diabetológica. Solo un tercio acudía periódicamente a los servicios de podología. Muy pocos pacientes pudieron expresar de forma precisa y concreta los cuidados de los pies. Entre las principales causas comentadas por los pacientes, que desencadenaron la lesión y que terminó en una primera amputación estuvieron "los pinchazos" y "el rebajar callosidades". Conclusiones: la mayoría de los diabéticos con una primera amputación no tenían un seguimiento periódico ni especializado para su enfermedad, insuficientes conocimientos sobre su autocuidado lo que probablemente generó que las conductas inapropiadas identificadas causaran una lesión complicada que requirió una amputación. Se impone la necesidad de un proceso educativo que sea eficiente para todas las personas con diabetes y así reducir las amputaciones(AU)


Introduction: diabetes education is the mainstay of treatment for people with diabetes since lack of knowledge about the disease favors the occurrence of complications. Objectives: to identify the main causes that led to a first diabetic foot amputation, to describe outpatient monitoring of these patients and to explore their knowledge about self diabetic foot care. Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in 110 diabetic patients hospitalized at the National Institute of Angiology due to first diabetic foot amputation. The demographic and health variables as well as the characteristics of patient follow-up, patients' knowledge about the disease and the leading cause of the triggering injury were all taken into consideration. Results: it was found that the average age was 61 years, and 15.4 years of disease progression. In the study group, 70.8 percent of patients had no regular outpatient follow-up, less than 32 percent had received education courses on diabetes. Only one third of them came regularly to podiatric services. Very few patients were able to clearly say the aspects of foot care. The main causes stated by patients, which triggered the injury and led to a first amputation, were "punctures" and "reducing calluses". Conclusions: most diabetics with a first amputation did not have a either systematic or specialized monitoring for disease, with insufficient knowledge about self diabetic foot care, which probably led to identified inappropriate behaviors that caused complications and finally amputation. It is necessary to implement an effective educational process for all the diabetic persons and thus reduce amputations(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Diabetic Foot/surgery , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
11.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787856

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem o objetivo de transmitir a experiência de implementação do Núcleo de Educação Terapêutica no Instituto de Psicologia da USP. A constituição do NET inspira-se no desenvolvimento de um campo teórico-clínico denominado Educação Terapêutica que aproxima Psicanálise e Educação e enseja um conjunto de práticas de tratamento do autismo e da psicose infantil. Apresentaremos os fundamentos teórico-clínicos que sustentam essa prática e analisaremos, à luz de um caso clínico, os efeitos de mudança de posição subjetiva e reordenamento do gozo como frutos do ato analítico no tratamento de uma criança psicótica.


This article aims to present the experience of implementing the University of São Paulo’s Psychology Institute’s Therapeutic Education Center. The Center was inspired by a theoretical and clinical field called Therapeutic Education — a set of treatment and educational practices aimed at autism and childhood psychosis. We present the theoretical and clinical foundations that support this practice and analyze, in the light of a case report, the effects of change in the subjective position and in the reorganization of enjoyment as a result of analytic acts in the treatment of a psychotic child.


Cet article vise à transmettre l’expérience de la mise en œuvre du Centre d’éducation thérapeutique à l’Institut de psychologie de l’Université de São Paulo. La constitution du Centre d’éducation thérapeutique s’est inspirée du développement d’un champ théorique et clinique dénommé Éducation thérapeutique qui fait le rapprochement entre la psychanalyse et l’éducation et donne lieu à un ensemble de pratiques de traitement de l’autisme et de la psychose infantile. On présentera les fondements théoriques et cliniques soutenant cette pratique et on analysera, à la lumière d’un cas clinique, les effets de changement de position subjective et réordonnancement de la jouissance comme des fruits de l’acte analytique dans le traitement d’un enfant psychotique.


Este artículo tiene como objetivo transmitir la experiencia de la implementación del Centro de Educación Terapéutica en el Instituto de Psicología de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP). La constitución del Centro de Educación Terapéutica se inspira en el desarrollo de un campo teórico-clínico denominado Educación Terapéutica que realiza una aproximación entre el Psicoanálisis y la Educación, y que implica un conjunto de prácticas para el tratamiento del autismo y de la psicosis infantil. Presentaremos los fundamentos teóricos y clínicos que son la base de esta práctica y analizaremos, a la luz de un caso clínico, los efectos de cambio en la posición subjetiva y el reordenamiento del gozo como frutos del acto analítico en el tratamiento de un niño psicótico.


Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Erfahrungen, die anlässlich der Implementierung des Zentrum für Therapeutische Erziehung im Psychologischen Institut der Universität von São Paulo gemacht wurden. Das Zentrum für Therapeutische Erziehung basiert sich auf den Aufbau eines theoretisch-klinischen Arbeitsfeldes, dass Therapeutische Erziehung genannt wird und dessen Ziel es ist, die Erkenntnisse der Psychoanalyse auf die Erziehungswissenschaften anzuwenden. Es bietet daher verschiedene Verfahrensweisen zur Behandlung von Autismus und kindlicher Psychose. Wir stellen zunächst die theoretisch-klinischen Grundlagen dieser Praxis vor und analysieren dann anhand eines klinischen Falles die Ergebnisse einer Änderung der subjektiven Stellung und der Neuordnung des Genusses als Ergebnis des psychoanalytischen Aktes in der Behandlung eines psychotischen Kindes.


本文旨在傳達巴西圣保罗大学(USP) 心理學研究所下属的治療教育中心(NET)的实践經驗。NET的创立源於理療—教育領域的理論與臨床的發展,結合心理分析学與教育学,提供一系列针对自閉症和兒童精神病的治療方法。在此我們將介紹此做法之理論與臨床基礎,透過個案,分析治疗效果,这个案例是儿童精神病患者,通过心理医生的分析治疗,改变了病人的主观态度,和发泄方式,是治療教育中心的实践成果之一。.

12.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 32(3): 228-235, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1009374

ABSTRACT

La persona con diabetes mellitus se hace acreedora de participar activamente en la gestión de la diabetes mediante educación y prevención de los distintos procesos conducentes a optimizar conocimientos, recursos, habilidades y destrezas, aptitudes y valores para obtener metas de control metabólico que minimicen la aparición de complicaciones agudas y crónicas al menor costo y con la obtención de calidad de vida. La gestión, constituye un medio que define la capacidad para determinar y utilizar en forma racional los recursos humanos y materiales que intervienen en la consecución de la salud del individuo, gracias a distintas acciones prácticas que promueven el individuo, su grupo familiar y los proveedores de salud con el firme propósito de producir resultados óptimos, y alcanzar las metas propuestas. Objetivo: analizar la gestión de la diabetes como estrategia de prevención y tratamiento mediante una revisión de la literatura. Conclusión: incorporar la gestión de la diabetes mediante la participación activa de pacientes, la familia, la propia comunidad y profesionales sanitarios, convierte en un factor de eficacia y eficiencia. Dejar de tratar únicamente la enfermedad y fomentar la educación y promoción para la salud por medio del empoderamiento (empowerment), en el contexto de una condición clínica susceptible de mejorar mediante la educación participativa del individuo, para lograr el autocuidado, son metas plausibles en la actualidad(AU)


The person with diabetes mellitus should actively participate in the management of diabetes through education and prevention of various processes leading to optimize knowledge, resources, skills and values to obtain targets of metabolic control and minimize the appearance of its acute and chronic complications at a lower cost and obtaining quality of life. Management, is defined as the ability to determine and use rationally the human and material resources involved in achieving the health of the individual, through various practical actions that promote the individual, their families and health providers with the firm intention to produce optimum results, and achieve goals. Objective: To analyze the management of diabetes and prevention and treatment strategy by reviewing the literature. Conclusion: to incorporate diabetes management through active participation of patients, family, community and health professionals becomes a factor of effectiveness and efficiencyse(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Self Care , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Quality of Life , Patient Comfort , Internal Medicine
13.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 25(3): 231-236, sep.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-736997

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades adrenales tienen una incidencia y prevalencia no despreciable. Se presentan como situaciones agudas y crónicas. La cronicidad y su desarrollo están relacionados con los comportamientos y estilos de vida, e imponen afrontar exigencias terapéuticas que descansan en las decisiones que la persona asume ante su cuidado. Esta condición crónica puede transitar sin síntomas, y demanda una persona activa y responsable ante su cuidado diario, capaz y formada en los requerimientos de su enfermedad, adiestrada para los ajustes terapéuticos necesarios, y capacitada para actuar ante la presencia de un evento agudo. Los proveedores de salud deben establecer un contrato terapéutico con el enfermo. Este hecho requiere un saber hacer, en el cual el enfoque biosocial, las destrezas en la comunicación y las técnicas de enseñanza/aprendizaje resultan tan necesarias como la actualización clínica. La insuficiencia adrenal aguda puede presentarse de novo, o ser consecuencia del mal manejo de una condición crónica ya conocida. Se citan diversas causas, dentro de las que la omisión inadvertida del fármaco o el desarrollo concomitante de un padecimiento precipitante infeccioso o no, resultan las más frecuentes. Los pacientes con insuficiencia adrenal crónica necesitan estar educados para que sean capaces de desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y conductas que permitan tomar decisiones acertadas ante posibles descompensaciones(AU)


Adrenal diseases have significant incidence and prevalence; they occur as acute chronic situations. Chronicity and development are both related to behaviours and lifestyles and impose therapeutic demands that lie in the decisions of the person in charge of the patient care. This chronic condition may appear without any symptom and requires an active responsible person for daily care of patients, capable and trained in disease requirements and in necessary therapeutic adjustments, and prepared to act when an acute event occurs. The health care providers should set a therapeutic contract with the patient. This fact requires "know-how" that includes biosocial approach, communicative dexterities and teaching/learning techniques, which are as necessary as the clinical update. The acute adrenal insufficiency may present de novo or results from wrong management of already known chronic condition. There are several causes such as the involuntary omission of medical drug or the concomitant development of a precipitating infective or non-infective illness, which are the most common. The patients suffering chronic adrenal insufficiency need education so that they may be able to acquire new pieces of knowledge, skills and behaviors that allow taking right decisions in the face of possible decompensation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Adrenal Insufficiency/epidemiology
14.
Med. infant ; 20(3): 245-250, Sept.2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-964527

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En la ERC en edad pediátrica la malnutrición, las alteraciones del metabolismo fosfocálcico, las complicaciones cardiovasculares aumentan la morbimortalidad y afectan el crecimiento y desarrollo. Los nutrientes críticos son proteínas, fósforo y sodio. Las enfermedades crónicas demandan adherencia al tratamiento y autocuidado, es fundamental la Educación Terapéutica del Paciente. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de un instrumento didáctico diseñado para fomentar adherencia al tratamiento dietoterápico y autoeficacia de pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad renal. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal. Población: pacientes de 9 a 18 años en tratamiento de hemodiálisis en un hospital pediátrico. La propuesta es el diseño y presentación de material didáctico para educación nutricional en el cuidado de nefropatías. Se evaluó conocimiento pre y post educación ingesta previa y post, y p sérico. Resultados: La muestra contempló 20 niños. Las encuestas de conocimiento posteriores a la intervención mostraron un incremento, promediando 90.3%, versus 72.8% previo. La adecuación de la ingesta de fósforo acorde a la RDA mejoró en 25% de los casos, 10% para proteínas, y 60% para sodio. Los análisis bioquímicos posteriores mostraron una disminución de fósforo sérico en 55% de los casos. Conclusiones: Se demostró una respuesta favorable a la intervención según los ejes abordados. El uso del instrumento representa una herramienta pedagógica sencilla para la adquisición de los conocimientos, que permite un aprendizaje activo y desarrollo de habilidades en la práctica cotidiana (AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: In childhood chronic kidney disease, undernourishment, disorders of the phosphocalcium metabolism, and cardiovascular complications increase morbidity and mortality and affect growth and development. Critical nutrients are proteins, phosphorus, and sodium. Chronic diseases require adherence to treatment and self-care and therapy education of the patient is fundamental. Objective: To evaluate the use of a teaching tool designed to encourage adherence to medical nutrition therapy and self-efficacy of children with kidney disease. Material and methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted. Population: Patients between 9 and 18 years of age in hemodialysis at a pediatric hospital were evaluated. Educational materials for the care of nephropathies were designed. Knowledge on pre- and post-education food intake as well as serum phosphorus were assessed. Results: The study sample consisted of 20 children. Questionnaires on post-intervention knowledge showed a significant increase, of a mean of 90.3% versus a previous of 72.8%. Adequate phosphorus intake according to the RDA improved in 25%, protein intake in 10%, and sodium intake in 60% of the cases. Subsequent biochemical analysis showed a decrease in serum phosphorus levels in 55% of the cases. Conclusions: Considering the study parameters a favorable response to the intervention was found. The teaching tool proved to be adequate and easy for knowledge acquisition, allowing for active learning and the development of skills in daily practice (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Patient Education as Topic , Renal Dialysis , Patient Compliance , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diet therapy , Longitudinal Studies , Diet, Protein-Restricted , Diet, Sodium-Restricted
15.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 28(4): 658-667, oct.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660170

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: valorar el nivel de conocimientos acerca de la diabetes mellitus en pacientes antes y después de una intervención educativa mediante la impartición del curso de información básica sobre esta enfermedad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 311 pacientes ingresados en el Centro de Atención al Diabético de Bayamo, Granma, en el período comprendido entre julio de 2010 y junio de 2011. Los conocimientos sobre diabetes se midieron mediante cuestionario debidamente validado y aplicado al inicio y al final de la intervención educativa. Resultados: al inicio del curso 301 (96,8 porciento) pacientes tenían conocimientos insuficientes sobre su enfermedad, mientras que al final solo 21 (6,8 porciento) mantuvieron esa condición. Las personas que no obtuvieron, al finalizar el curso, los conocimientos suficientes para controlar su enfermedad, tuvieron un tiempo de evolución, número de complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares y edad, significativamente mayores que aquellos que sí los adquirieron. El nivel insuficiente de conocimientos estuvo relacionado además, con la procedencia rural y el bajo nivel de escolaridad. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimientos sobre diabetes mellitus en personas con esta enfermedad en el territorio es bajo. La intervención educativa es necesaria para lograr en ellos una mejor comprensión de su afección. Los consultorios médicos del territorio y las áreas de atención integral deben aplicar el curso a la mayor cantidad de diabéticos adaptándolo a las características y necesidades del grupo


Objective: to assess the extent of knowledge about diabetes mellitus of patients before and after an educational intervention in the form of a basic information course about this illness. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted in 311 diabetic patients admitted to the Center of Care for Diabetes in Bayamo, Granma province, from July 2010 through June 2011. The knowledge about this disease was evaluated through a duly validated questionnaire to be answered at the beginning and at the end of the educational intervention. Results: at the beginning of the course, 301 (96.8 percent) patients knew poorly their disease, whereas at the end, just 21 (6.8 percent) showed the same condition. The patients who did not manage to acquire enough pieces of knowledge to control over their disease presented longer time of evolution, higher number of microvascular and macrovascular complications and older age than those who did it. The low level of knowledge about diabetes was also related to rural origin and low schooling. Conclusions: knowledge about diabetes mellitus of sick persons in this territory was poor. Therefore, an educational intervention is needed to make the patients better understand their disease; additionally, the comprehensive health care areas and the doctor's offices in the territory must provide this type of courses to a larger quantity of diabetics according to the characteristics and requirements of the participating group


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Health Education/methods , Mentoring/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive
16.
Estilos clín ; 15(1): 116-125, 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579958

ABSTRACT

A clínica com crianças psicóticas e autistas impõe desafios às equipes terapêuticas. No Lugar de Vida acompanha-se a escolarização das crianças atendidas na instituição, pois a inclusão escolar constitui um dos eixos do trabalho terapêutico (Educação Terapêutica). Partindo desse ponto, verificou-se a necessidade de incluir os professores no trabalho institucional oferecendo-lhes um espaço de interlocução e troca de experiências para falar das dificuldades na escolarização desses alunos. Esse trabalho de escuta de professores no Grupo de Palavra Ponte refere-se à escuta das produções discursivas em jogo e pode promover mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas adotadas tradicionalmente, promovendo a inclusão escolar dessas crianças.


The clinical work with autistic and psychotic children remains a challenge to therapeutic teams. At the Lugar de Vida the attended children schooling is accompanied since the scholar inclusion is one of the therapeutic work axes (Therapeutic Education). From this point, the need to include teachers in the institutional work offering them a space for interlocution and experience exchange to speak about the difficulties in dealing with these students' schooling was verified. The work of teachers' listening at the Ponte Word Group refers to the listening of discursive production which may motivate changes in the pedagogical practices traditionally adopted, promoting the scholar inclusion of these children.


La clínica con niños psicóticos y autistas impone desafíos a los equipos terapéuticos. En el Lugar de Vida se acompaña la escolarización de los niños atendidos en la institución, pues la inclusión escolar constituye uno de los ejes del trabajo terapéutico (Educación Terapéutica). Partiendo desde esa perspectiva, se verificó la necesidad de incluir a los profesores en el trabajo institucional ofreciéndoles un espacio de interlocución e intercambio de experiencias para hablar de las dificultades en la escolarización de esos alumnos. Este trabajo de escucha de profesores, en el Grupo de Palavra Ponte, se refiere a la escucha de las producciones discursivas en juego y puede promover cambios en las prácticas pedagógicas adoptadas tradicionalmente, promoviendo la inclusión escolar de esos niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Education , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology
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